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The Kyoto Protocol is a well known protocol that happens to be the Framework Convention which has an international presence and it deals with the objective of Climate Change. The main aim of the Kyoto Protocol is controlling the Greenhouse Gases. This is because, it is the greenhouse gases which are responsible for the change that has come up in the climate. The Kyoto Protocol treaty was signed on 11 December in the year 1997. It was held at the 3rd Conference of the Parties. The treaty was enforced on 16 February in the year 2005. As it is stated in the Kyoto Protocol treaty, as of in November 2007, there are a total of 174 parties who have agreed to ratify the protocol. Out of these 174 parties, there are 36 developed countries (besides the EU since it is a party on its own right) who are required in the reduction in the of the greenhouse gases.
The greenhouse gas emissions have to be controlled by lowering them to the levels which is specific for each country and has been mentioned in the treaty as well. The Annex I countries represent over 61.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. In the queue are three more countries who have intension for participating in the Kyoto Protocol. After the ratification of Australia on the 3 December 2007 the other country which made a notable and an exceptional entry was the United States. There are a total of One hundred and thirty-seven developing countries who have approved and accented the Kyoto Protocol. These include the countries like China, Brazil and India. But these countries have made no obligations beyond reporting and monitoring about these greenhouse emissions. The experts, critics and the scientists are on a debate on what is the exact usefulness of this protocol. Besides these, there also have been extensive studies on cost benefit which have been performed based on the usefulness of the protocol.
The agreement of the Kyoto Protocol was done under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which is also known as UNFCCC. The countries which are ratifying for the Kyoto protocol make a commitment and that is to reduce their carbon dioxide emission and the other five gases which are causing greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol has the participation by as many as 170 countries all over the globe and there are even a more than 60% of countries if calculated in terms of emission of global greenhouse gas. As of December 2007, the Kazakhstan and US happen to be the only two nations to not to have done the ratification. The deadline of the treaty has been scheduled to be 2012. The Kyoto Protocol Treaty has a fear about the fact that the treaty could be highly expensive.
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